Uterine Infertility

   Infertility is defined as the absence of conception after a minimum of 1 year of regular intercourse without contraception. In approximately 30% of cases, infertility is due to male members (eg, sperm counting failure).   For female infertility, about 40% of cases are due to ovulatory failure, approximately 40% is due to endometrial or tubal disease, approximately 10% is due to less frequent causes (eg disease thyroid or hyperprolactinemia), and about 10% is still not set after complete treatment.

Ovulatory causes:   Infertility attributed to a dysfunction of the ovaries can lead to problems with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, resulting in inadequate gonadotropin stimulation of the ovary; ovarian disorders either inappropriate secretion of products or resulting lack of ovulation; or each type of problems that occur at the same time. Correction to the underlying cause of restoration often fertility.

   In many cases, administration of exogenous gonadotropins stimulate the ovaries to produce follicle growth. The oocytes can be released and fertilized live by gender or by artificial insemination. Alternatively, mature oocytes can be removed from the woman to get used to in vitro fertilization (IVF), where fertilization occurs in the laboratory and the embryos are returned to the uterus.

   Among the most typical, known as ovarian reserve diminished ovarian problems is age-related and may involve each of the oocytes themselves and products with ovarian secretion. It accelerated loss of follicles with menopause strategy. With follicular depletion FSH tend to increase, reflecting insufficient production of inhibin.

   This could result in an insufficient number of follicles, competition from other follicles decreased ovarian steroidogenesis diminished by aging, or a combination of these factors. Whatever the cause particular, the net effect is a shortened follicular phase and is associated with high rates of infertility. Remedy clomiphene citrate, a weak estrogen antagonist, is actually a way to reduce harmful assessments and increasing gonadotropin ovarian stimulation and restoration of ovulation.

Other ovulation dysfunction etiologies include alteration coordination problems between the ovary and the hypothalamus, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea. In these scenarios, the oocytes are not subject to proper development and maturation lead normal ovulation and subsequently cause infertility.

The causes tubal and pelvic:   Given follicles and normal reproductive function of the neuroendocrine axis, the main trigger of infertility is a problem with the tubes of the endometrium or tubes. Previous pelvic adhesions or ongoing inflammation or infection can cause failure of sperm or the transport of eggs, implantation failure, or implantation in the wrong place (ectopic pregnancy).

   Endometriosis, probably because of the proliferation of cyclical passage and the detachment of ectopic endometrial tissue, causing inflammation, scarring and adhesion formation. New information, the endometriosis can be from a population of stem cells of the endometrium in circulation.

   This should be suspected when infertility is related to severe dysmenorrhea. Medical and surgical treatments are effective in reducing the discomfort associated with endometriosis. The effects of endometriosis on the remedy for infertility are controversial.

Other causes of female infertility:   Most less typical causes of infertility can be grouped into these problems affecting the production of GnRH by the hypothalamus or the effect of the hormone in the pituitary gland (e.g., thyroid disease and hyperprolactinemia).