IVF Procedure Summarised

The main objective of IVF or in vitro fertilization is to achieve fertilization of an egg outside the womb of a woman using artificial means. The embryo is then placed in the uterus for further maturation. IVF procedure is very complicated and primarily involves five stages namely ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilization, selection and egg transfer. The IVF procedure essentially begins initial checks that are performed to analyze the health of mother aspirants get accurate dates for the menstruation cycle and also determine if the patient is not allergic to a drug or injection be administered during the treatment.

The first step of the method is in vitro fertilization ovarian stimulation. In this method, after the menstruation cycle time is established, the processing is started on the third day of menstruation. Drugs administered during this stage help in triggering the growth of several follicles in the ovaries. Usually ganadotropins are injected into the patient and the results are closely monitored. Monitoring also includes gynecological ultrasound which keeps a tab on the follicular growth. The estradiol levels in the body are also stored in the control. The purpose of this process is to stop spontaneous ovulation and this is done by the administration of GnRH antagonists. The egg extraction step begins to mark the first course of follicular growth. If growth is satisfactory injection containing human chorionic ganadotropin as ovulation occurs after 42 hours. The eggs are removed just prior to ovulation using transvaginal technique where follicles are aspirated and the liquid is recovered.

Fertilization is the next step. Surrounding cells are first separated eggs. The sperm is separated from other inactive cells and seminal fluid. Sperm and egg cells are then incubated resulting set. Sperm egg ratio is usually 1: 75.000. This happens in the culture media and the process can take up to 18 hours. However, in cases where the sperm is from someone with a small number of sperm is injected directly into the egg. After fertilization of the egg undergoes a growth medium in which it grows to reach the 6-8 cell stage.

The selection of the eggs is subjected to various conditions such as uniformity of the growth and the level of fragmentation. Eggs are normally transferred three days after recovery. In countries like the US and Australia, however, the eggs are laid by a blastocyst stage to increase the chances of pregnancy.

Usually several embryos are transferred to minimize the risk of pregnancy and also increase the chances of implantation. Transfers also depend on the number of eggs that are available, the age of the woman and the result of several diagnostics. Older women always have an upper limit on the number. Best is transferred using a catheter that is routed through the vagina and cervix.

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