Assisted Reproductive Technology,Preimplantation and Genetic Diagnosis

   

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) refers to the use of the methods used to achieve pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means, without sexual intercourse. These procedures include all fertility treatments in which eggs and sperm are handled, and also reproductive treatments involving a third party, for example. a sperm donor. These procedures do not include treatments in which only sperm are handled or procedures whereby a woman takes hormonal drugs stimulate egg production.
    The first step involves taking medical tests to diagnose infertility, and determine the best treatment to help a woman to become pregnant. Some assisted reproductive treatments are more invasive and expensive than others. For example, a treatment for Assisted Reproductive Technology, used when other means have failed, is in vitro fertilization (IVF). Involves surgically removing eggs (eggs) in the ovaries of a woman are fertilized with sperm in the laboratory, and returned to the woman's body or donating them to another woman.
   No long-term health effects that have been linked to children born through assisted reproductive technology procedures. Most doctors, however, recommend procedures as a last resort to have a baby. The success of any process of fertility depends in part on the age of the woman.
   Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, also known as embryo selection is used in ART procedures to detect a variety of genetic and chromosomal abnormalities. Such a diagnosis is made before the implantation of the embryo, and sometimes before fertilization oocytes. For example, in IVF may be used to screen the oocytes or embryos before ART procedures are carried out.
   CIO, it is very likely that the baby will be free of the disease, which means that the selective termination of pregnancy can be avoided. An oocyte or early embryo stage has no symptoms of the disease, however, may have a genetic condition that could lead to disease. They must be supervised by genetic or other conditions. The procedures implemented in the sperm before fertilization may instead be called sperm sorting, although the methods and purpose partly overlap with the CIO.
   The risk of having a pregnancy with a chromosomal irregularity is low (less than 2%). However, all embryos produced lack the chromosomal composition necessary to lead to a successful pregnancy and childbirth. Most embryos will not develop or implant. By the time a woman is 40 years old. 70% of the embryos lack chromosome number necessary to achieve a successful pregnancy. The risk of giving birth to a child with a chromosomal abnormality is still relatively low, as most of the embryos stop developing at an early stage or spontaneous abortion.
   There are two basic types of PGD tests. The first screens for people with known risk of genetic disease such as cystic fibrosis or muscular dystrophy. The second type of test checks IPR common chromosomal irregularities related to advanced maternal age, repeated pregnancy loss and multiple IVF procedures.
   DPI is offered limited in some clinics. A thorough discussion and preparation is also required with a fertility specialist. As this procedure is relatively new, so that long-term studies on their success rate is not yet available